In a very short time, this Institute was erected, together with the German universities of Munich and Göttingen, at one of the three corners of the European triangle where the main research on the Physics of the atom was being developed. Three years later, the Danish scientist returned to his hometown to take up a position as professor of Theoretical Physics at his old alma mater and, in 1920, thanks to the international prestige that he had been acquiring for his studies and publications, he obtained the necessary subsidies for the foundation of the Nordic Institute of Theoretical Physics (later called the Niels Bohr Institute), whose direction he assumed from 1921 to the date of his death (1962). Niels Bohr developed his model according to three fundamental postulates:ġ- The electrons describe circular orbits around the nucleus of the atom without radiating energy.Ģ- The only orbits allowed for an electron are those for which the angular momentum of the electron is a certain integer multiple.ģ- The electron only emits or absorbs energy in jumps from one allowed orbit to another. Bohr assumed that the electrons moved in circular orbits around the nucleus. It was a modification of Rutherford's atomic model in which the atom is like "a microscopic solar system" in which the electrons orbit the nucleus. In 1913, Niels Bohr achieved worldwide celebrity in the field of Physics by publishing a series of essays in which he revealed his particular model of the structure of the atom. Borh, in a display of audacity that was unpredictable in his timid and withdrawn character, dared to sidestep these problems that hindered Rutherford's progress with a solution as simple as it was risky: he simply stated that the movements that occurred within the atom they are governed by laws foreign to those of traditional Physics. Rutherford had elaborated a theory of the atom that was totally valid on a speculative plane, but that could not be sustained within the laws of classical Physics. of the atom.įrom then on, a close collaboration was established between the two scientists that, sustained by firm ties of friendship, would be as lasting as it was fruitful. The doctoral thesis that the young Bohr had just read in Copenhagen was dedicated precisely to the study of electrons, and that he had taken to British territory with the hope of seeing it translated into English.īut Thomson was not enthusiastic about Bohr's work, so he decided to leave the Cavendish Laboratory and go to the University of Manchester, where he took advantage of the teachings of another Nobel laureate, Ernest Rutherford, to further his knowledge of radioactivity and models. Cambridge, under the tutelage of Sir Joseph John Thomson, a British chemist distinguished with the Nobel Prize in 1906 for his studies on the passage of electricity through the interior of gases, which had allowed him to discover the particle later baptized by Stoney as electron. After having revealed himself as a firm promise in the field of Nuclear Physics, he traveled to England to expand his knowledge at the Cavendish Laboratory of the University of Copenhagen. He studied Physics at the University of Copenhagen, where he obtained his doctorate in 1911. Son of Christian Bohr, a devout Lutheran, professor of physiology at the University of the city, and Ellen Adler, from a wealthy Jewish family of great importance in Danish banking, and in the "circles of Parliament".Ĭonsidered one of the most dazzling figures in contemporary Physics and, for his theoretical contributions and practical work, as one of the fathers of the atomic bomb, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922 "for his research on the structure of atoms and the radiation emanating from them. Danish physicist who made important contributions to the understanding of the structure of the atom and quantum mechanics.
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